Vertigo is a symptom characterized by a spinning or whirling sensation, often accompanied by a loss of balance or dizziness. It is commonly associated with problems in the inner ear, which is responsible for maintaining balance and spatial orientation. This is one of the most common causes of vertigo. It occurs when small calcium crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and stimulate the balance organs in an abnormal manner.This is a chronic condition that affects the inner ear and leads to recurring episodes of vertigo, along with hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and a feeling of fullness in the affected ear. It is an inflammation of the vestibular nerve, typically caused by a viral infection. This condition can result in sudden onset vertigo, along with nausea and difficulty with balance.Similar to vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis is an inflammation of the inner ear, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection. It can cause severe vertigo, along with hearing loss and ringing in the ears.Certain medications, such as those used to treat high blood pressure, can cause vertigo as a side effect. Additionally, conditions like migraines, stroke, and tumors affecting the brain or inner ear can also lead to vertigo.Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, the symptoms can improve or resolve on their own over time. However, medical interventions may be necessary in some instances. These maneuvers are used to treat BPPV by repositioning the calcium crystals in the inner ear to alleviate symptoms. Medications such as antihistamines, antiemetics, or vestibular suppressants may be prescribed to manage vertigo symptoms or the underlying condition causing vertigo. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises can help improve balance and reduce the frequency and severity of vertigo episodes. In rare cases where vertigo is caused by structural abnormalities, surgery may be considered as a treatment option.